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Essay about McDonalds Evolution of the Food Industry

McDonalds: Evolution of the Food Industry History McDonalds has had a global impact on the food industry. McDonalds developed a revolutionary idea known today as fast-food. This impact began in 1930 when Maurice and Richard McDonald left New Hampshire seeking to make a fortune in Hollywood, started up a drive-in restaurant in San Bernardino. Unlike so many other food-service operations at the time, McDonalds came up with new ideas that turned the usual slow paced dinner into a finely tuned engine. McDonalds offered only a nine-item menu with burgers, French fries, shakes, and pies. They also eliminated seating, and used paper and plastic utensils instead of glass and porcelain. Like Henry Fords assembly line, McDonalds†¦show more content†¦So the next day after seeing the operation, he offered them a proposition. He asked them why they dont open a series of units like this one. The brothers were not overly enthused about the idea, and were satisfied with the $100,000 they earned annually. But Kroc, being the veteran salesman that he was, use every ounce of persuasion that he could come up with and finally convinced the brothers to have a deal. The deal was that McDonalds would sell franchises for the low price of $950. In exchange, Kroc would keep 1.4 percent of all sales and give .5 percent back to the brothers. This arrangement was far more favorable to the McDonalds brothers then to Kroc, but it was the act of a desperate man since his milkshake company was ready to go belly up. Six years after the McDonalds brothers met Ray Kroc, a turning point in the future of the business happened. The relationship between the parties had become a continuing source of irritation. In 1960 Ray Kroc decided to raise enough capital to try and buy out the brothers. He toke out a $2.7 million loan and paid off the McDonald brothers for their name alone. At the time of Ray Krocs death he was reported as being worth an estimated $340 million! Krocs idea of the way to develop McDonalds into a profit was to sell an operating service to partners. This revolutionary way of doing things, instead of just supplying franchisees with milk-shake formula and ice cream, is what led toShow MoreRelatedMcdonald s The World s Leading Fast Food Service Retailer Essay938 Words   |  4 Pages The McDonald’s Corporation is the world s leading fast food service retailer. In 1948, This infamous fast food company initially began as a small hamburger stand in Des Plaines, Illinois. This restaurant which would soon become a market leading force. It was founded by two brothers, Dick and Mac Donald. McDonald’s currently has over 30,000 restaurants in over 100 countries. McDonalds serves nearly 47 million customers daily. It is one of the worlds most well-known brands and is a significantRead MoreIn Technical Terms, Strategic Management Is Defined In1573 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermine the long-run performance of a corporation. Strategic management is considered an evolution primarily because during a company s run they are constantly changing to keep up with new customer demands and its competitors. In a company s evolution phase, they must focus on growth and what it takes to get achieve success. This may include focusing on the reassessment of a company’s outlook on innovation. Evolution is a strategy used to stay relevant in a competitive market. Under this phase, a companyRead MoreAll That and a Bag of Chips719 Words   |  3 Pagesknow that fast food would alter the way I looked? But then again, I was just only a child; I had no control over what I ate. I’m guessing my parents were supposed to take care of my diet though? That is the idea that Spurlock, Popkin, and Schlosser try to reveal; Americans have no idea what they stuff in their mouths and don’t know how to control their binge for fast food. These three artists take different approaches in informing us the cause and effects of the fast food industry. Spurlock perfectlyRead MoreMcdonalds Case Study1580 Words   |  7 PagesMcDonald’s is a well-known staple and contender within the fast food industry. It is one of the largest fast food chains throughout the world today. After Mac and Dick McDonald opened their first restaurant in 1954, caught the attention of Ray Kroc, which started the evolution of McDonald’s restaurants today. At the time, Kroc was selling multi-mixers used for mixing multiple shakes at once. After seeing the business that Mac and Dick McDonald had built, he immediately saw the potential for expansionRead MoreMc Donalds Maketing Strategies Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pages‘McDonalds is the worlds leadi ng foodservice retailer with more than 30,000 restaurants serving nearly 46 million people in more than 110 countries each day. In the UK, McDonalds and its franchisees employ 70,000 staff in 1235 restaurants. This is McDonalds 30th year of operating in the UK. http://www.mcdonalds.co.uk/?f=y [accessed 16th November] Those infamous golden arches have come a long way since being established in 1940 by Dick and Mac McDonald. Ray Kroc, credited with the chainsRead MoreProduct Design Development and Product Lifecycle Analysis of McDonalds Corporation811 Words   |  3 PagesProduct Design, Development and Product Lifecycle Analysis of McDonalds Corporation McDonalds competes in one of the most mercurial and fast-changing industries there are, where product lifecycles must be aligned both to rapidly changing customers preferences and tastes. The inherent need for the McDonalds product strategy to stay relevant, topical and in demand for consumers also requires a highly integrated, real-time supply chain that can react quickly to changes in product strategy andRead MoreMcdonald’s Expands Globally While Adjusting Its Local Recipe Essays637 Words   |  3 PagesEnvironment ------------------------------------------------- Case 1-2: McDonald’s Expands Globally While Adjusting Its Local Recipe Identify the key elements in McDonald’s global marketing strategy. In particular, how does McDonald’s approach the issue of standardization? Does McDonald’s think global and act local? Does it also think local and act global? The plan to Win initiative is built around five factors that drive McDonald’s business: people, products, place, price, and promotion. As a studentRead MoreFast Food Nation1487 Words   |  6 PagesChanging of the Food Industry â€Å"In many respects, the fast food industry embodies the best and worst of American capitalism at the start of the twenty-first century – its constant stream of new products and innovations, its widening gulf between gulf between rich and poor† (Schlosser 6). In 2001 Eric Schlosser published â€Å"Fast Food Nation.† Eric Schlosser’s early 21st century muckraking text, â€Å"Fast Food Nation,† attempts to shed light on the consequences of the fast food industry on American societyRead MoreThe Importance Of Fast Food1157 Words   |  5 PagesFast food has been increasingly popular throughout the twenty-first century because of its sacrifice of health for speed, but that has recently started to change. â€Å"Fast casual† is the idea of a more casual restaurant atmosphere with healthier food, slightly higher prices, and a better overall experience. The transition to a more innovative fast casual mind set has spurred an increasing popularity across the country. Rising awareness in society has helped dawn the rise of the fast casual industry asRead MoreSWOT Analysis: Mc Donald’s India Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pagesproposed venture’s SWOT analysis report. STRENGTHS: †¢ Good Taste: The fast food chain is operating in many diverse cultures where tastes in food are extremely different than those of US or Indian consumers. Thus ability to adapt to local taste is one of McDonald’s strengths. †¢ Brand Equity: McDonalds has built up huge brand equity. It is the no 1 fast food company in India these days by sales McDonalds India is a leader in the food retail space, with a presence of more than 310 restaurants serving more

Virgin Atlantic Case Study Free Essays

Atlantics primary problem is that they were operating in the middle of the optimal utility model. Their slogan had become â€Å"Offering a First Class service at less than First Class fares†. In which Virgin Atlantic Is offering high quality at a low cost, which keeps them In the middle and not profitable. We will write a custom essay sample on Virgin Atlantic Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now It seems that Virgin Atlantic did not take Into account that offering a premium service as they were would come at a premium cost for them and when throwing In low cost fares Into the mix they were reading a loss and expectations they will not be able to sustain for a long time. Starting off as a low cost premium airline aimed towards the business class may have been there way into the market and obtain market share but at some point they needed to work their way out of the middle of the optimal utility model and shift either towards high quality or low cost, not both simultaneously to stay profitable. Seeing that there number one goal was to provide premium innovative services/ products they could have gone the route that Apple Inc. As done by providing innovative premium products at a premium prices rather than setting themselves up for future losses. A recommendation for Virgin Atlantics primary problem of operating In the middle of the optimal utility model, In which consumers want either high quality or low cost products and services. Virgin should keep moving forward with innovation and providing a premium experience for all of their passengers but do it at a higher price so that they do not create any losses. Another route to go in would be to become a upper low cost provider for their business class niche and stop spending on infilling entertainment and amenities and focus only on cutting costs which would allow them to be profitable as a low cost air transportation provider. Another secondary problem is that during Virgin Atlantics pursuit to be innovative, top management neglected to make innovations that would help the company in terms of lowering costs and Increasing profit. They only focused on innovations that benefited the consumers and not any self-interest. For example when Virgin Alertness management team decided that they did not want passengers to feel bored, they came up with innovative ways to keep them entertained during their flights such as pioneering individual video screens for every seat. But innovations like that did not help them cut any costs or increase fares significantly enough to increase profits or reduce costs. A recommendation in regards to creating innovations to help reduce costs and increase profits would be for Virgin Atlantic Airways to partner with small shipping impasses who could buy cargo space on Virgin Atlantic flights that are not at full capacity, so that they can generate more revenue on flights that are not traveling full of passengers. Another Innovative Idea would be to use the Individual video screens that they pioneered as ad space in the Mid and Economy class section of their planes. By doing so Vulgar Atlantic would be able generate additional revenues by selling ad space to advertisers, which would allow them to lower their cost per route, How to cite Virgin Atlantic Case Study, Free Case study samples

Fundamentals of Mice Management free essay sample

National Community Leadership Institute: The first trip was to the National Community Leadership Institute (NACLI), which is located at 70 South Buona Vista Road, Singapore 118176. Its location, situated in the midst of Kent Ridge Park, is fairly close to the Haw Par Villa MRT station, and some distance away from Buona Vista MRT station and Harbourfront station. However, there is only one bus stop with only one bus service near it. This makes the place relatively inaccessible as one may not know where to take the bus from. One would have to take a bus from either Harbourfront or Buona Vista station, and change to another bus to get there and if he or she is not familiar with the place, it would the journey much more difficult for them. Moreover, Haw Par Villa MRT station is still situated quite a distance away from NACLI itself, making it hard for people to actually get there. Barring that, NACLI would still be reachable by people all over Singapore as there are 3 MRT lines serving nearby with several bus services available, though travelling time would be rather long. NACLI provides its clients with a variety of facilities to be used for various purposes. There are training rooms, together with a conference room, available, which can hold up till either 25 or 50-60 people. There are facilities such as an auditorium and a learning lounge, several gazebos, a multi-purpose hall, a dining hall and numerous accommodation facilities available for their clients’ use. The auditorium can hold up to 300 people. Its accommodation facilities are divided into 5 categories, which can hold as little as 2 people to as much as 7 people for overnight stays. There is lso an activity hub and an obstacle course area whereby clients can make use of for more physical activities. With so many facilities available, NACLI is a good place for holding training seminars and corporate events such as meetings as they would be able to meet their clients’ needs when organizing such events. The auditorium and training rooms would suffice for companies to hold their t raining workshops in, and NACLI would even provide courses such as teambuilding for its clients. Thus, its facilities can be considered to be quite good as they cater to a lot of the clients’ needs. However, NACLI may be lacking in terms of food, since it has only one dining hall without much food choices. Clients would have to engage catering if they want more choices for their meals, as there are no nearby food outlets available. The unique selling point of NACLI would include the lush greenery that surrounds the institute. It would provide an extremely conducive environment for events to be held at, what with its soothing effect on people. Green events can be easily conducted as it would fit very much into the theme of the event. Moreover, with accommodations available at cheap rates, events can be held without a hitch. Training courses are also available, which would make NACLI an attractive event space for corporate companies to hold their workshops and training seminars in as they would not have to look for their own trainers from external companies. Some of the events held at NACLI would include the following: Community LEAD Champion Awards 2009, an award ceremony to recognize outstanding grassroots leaders; Law for Community Leaders Programme 2011, a programme aimed to equip grassroots leader with basic law knowledge; PAYM Service Learning Festival 2009. Other events include the GMC (Grace Methodist Church) Youth Alpha Weekend Camp, induction programmes for new community leaders and various talks. SUNTEC CITY CONVENTION CENTRE: The second trip was to Suntec City Convention Centre, where we attended a talk about Suntec Singapore’s experience as an events company. Suntec City, situated at 1 Raffles Boulevard Singapore 039593, is conveniently located next to the Central Business District (CBD) and a mere 20 minutes’ ride from Singapore’s one and only international airport, Changi Airport. Suntec City Convention Centre is also very accessible via public transport. Several MRT stations, namely City Hall, Esplanade and Promenade, are serving nearby. A bus stop just right in front of the Convention Centre also has numerous bus services serving it. The Convention Centre is also accessible via 2 expressways, namely the East Coast Expressway (ECP) and Central Expressway (CTE). Thus, with so many ways in which one can use to travel to Suntec City Convention Centre, the place can be considered to be very accessible. Its relatively close distance to the airport would allow foreign guests travelling from overseas to be able to get to the event as soon as they arrive in Singapore. People from all over Singapore would able to access easily due to the large number of roads and transport available. Moreover, there are numerous hotels nearby, such as the Pan Pacific Singapore, Swissotel the Stamford and the Ritz-Carlton Millennia Singapore. This would allow easy access for all foreign guests staying over in Singapore for the various events that could be held in Suntec City Convention Centre. Therefore, it can be said that Suntec City Convention Centre, being in a prime location, is very accessible, even for foreign guests. Suntec City Convention Centre has one of the finest facilities for MICE events. With a convention hall that can fit up to 10,000 people in theatre style seating and an exhibition hall that is of over 12000 square metres, many events can held concurrently by partitioning the halls. This would allow the organizer to be able meet their many needs for the type of space that they need for the event. The Convention Centre has over 31 meeting rooms, which can accommodate 10 to over 400 people, which would allow any amount of guests to hold their corporate meetings in them. There is also a theatre which can hold up to 596 people, and a ballroom which can hold up to 1800 people, and is also divisible. With so many facilities available, Suntec City Convention Centre is a good place for holding exhibitions and corporate events such as meetings as they would be able to meet their clients’ needs when organizing such events. The numerous meeting rooms of various sizes, convention hall and theatre would suffice for companies to hold their corporate meetings in, while the ballrooms can be used for other unctions. The exhibition and convention hall would also allow many both and foreign companies to set up booths during events for showcasing themselves. Thus, its facilities can be considered to be quite good as they are able to cater to a lot of their clients’ needs. Visitors need not worry about their meals either, as there is an in-house catering service available, and in the event of where the visitors do not want the service, there are numerous restaurants and eateries available in the Convention Centre. The unique selling point of Suntec City Convention Centre would be its location and services. Situated in a superb location, event organisers would look to Suntec Singapore for event space as it can be accessed easily, as mentioned above. Moreover, various services such as catering and delivery are also available for the use by event organisers. For example, Ta-Q-Bin, a well-known delivery company, has an office just for them and several lorries on standby for emergency use, situated right in Suntec City Convention Centre itself. Event organisers would have no worries even if something were to go wrong – Suntec Singapore will have a Plan B just for them. Some of the events held at Suntec City Convention Centre would include the following: the Youth Olympic Games 2010; WTO Ministerial Conference of 1994; the World Economic Forums East Asia Economic Summit, which has been held there several times; IT Show; NATAS Travel Fair; the International Food Festival, the World Down Syndrome Congress, Anime Festival Asia; the 61st Annual Meetings of the Boards of Governors of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. Singapore Expo: The Singapore Expo is located at 1 Expo Drive, #02-10 Singapore 486150, and it is only a few minutes’ drive from Changi International Airport, therefore allowing foreign visitors to be able to visit as soon as they arrive in Singapore. Located in the east of Singapore, Singapore Expo has its own MRT station, the Expo MRT station, serving it, together with several bus stops that only has a very small number of bus services stopping there. major expressways link the Expo to the rest of Singapore, allowing many people to be able to access it relatively easily, and they are the East Coast Parkway (ECP), Pan Island Expressway (PIE). Tampines Expressway (TPE). Visitors can also drive there as there are 2,200 car park lots reserved for them. 2 hotels are situated only a mere 15 minutes’ drive away from the Expo, and they are Crowne Plaza Changi Airport and Grand Mercure Roxy Singapore, allowing foreign visitors to be able to visit it easily from their accommoda tions. Thus, it can be said that the Singapore Expo is relatively accessible, as visitors in the CBD certainly have many ways in which they can use to visit the Expo. However, that being said, the Expo is not situated in a prime location, and while it has many transport services serving it, it may still be inconvenient for some to travel there due to its proximity from the city centre. Moreover, local visitors staying the other side of Singapore may find it a hassle to travel to it. The Singapore Expo has facilities that are made especially for holding MICE events in. With 10 exhibition halls of 10,000 square metres, exhibitors and various organisers would have no problems holding their events at the Expo. 6 of them, which are the indoor halls, also have a meeting room on the second level that can be used as the organiser’s office or even a VIP room. There is also the MAX Pavilion which is equipped with a top-end sound system, allowing it to be used for large scale events such as concerts. With state-of-art lightings and video systems, the theatre style seating allows up to over 7000 people at one go. The V-rooms also allows for events such as board meetings, conferences (break-out sessions), in-hall meetings to be held in it. A new convention centre, the MAX Aria, would also be opening this year, and it promises to bring organising such MICE events to new heights with its new 32 additional meeting spaces. Thus, with such facilities, organisers would be able to find the suitable space for their events to be held in. As the Expo is built for MICE purposes, organisers would find that most of their event needs would easily be met if they were to be held at the Expo. There are numerous halls to choose from with various rooms available for use. The option of having either an indoor or outdoor event leaves space for the organisers to be able to manipulate and plan their event the way they want it to be. Its proximity to business parks also makes it easier for companies to hold their corporate meetings in it, and with over 2200 car park lots, visitors would be able to drive there as well, or their own convenience. The new convention centre that is to be opened this year would also allow events to be held at a totally new space, and with it being an eco-friendly event space, organisers who are concerned about being environmentally friendly would be assured that they would be able to hold their events in an eco-friendly space. Moreover, with over 14 eateries and restaurants, visitors would be spoilt for choice when it’s time for their meals. The unique selling point of Singapore Expo would be its large event space that is accompanied with facilities that event organisers may need. As it was built for MICE purposes, event organisers would be drawn to it as they can find everything they would need for organising an event. Its proximity to areas such as the airport and the large car park available would also attract event organisers since there would be less worry for traffic congestion and foreign guests arriving in Singapore would find travelling to the Expo an easy feat due to its proximity. With the new eco-friendly convention centre slated to be opened this year, more event organisers would be attracted especially if they are holding green events. Some of the events held at Singapore Expo would include the following: Food amp; Hotel Asia 2010; International Furniture Fair 2010; Asia Pacific Maritime 2010; SITEX 2010; Natas Travel Fair 2010; National Library Book Sale 2010. Suitable events to be held would include corporate events such as meetings, talks, seminars, exhibits. Marina Bay Sands: Marina Bay Sands (MBS) has its own convention centre, the Sands Expo and Convention Centre and is located at 10 Bayfront Avenue, Singapore 018956, is a mere 4 minutes’ walk from Marina Bay MRT station and 10 minutes away from Promenade MRT station. Its nearest MRT station, Bayfront, is situated a few minutes away too. There are 2 bus stops serving it, with several bus services from around Singapore. Aside from such public transport, other modes are also readily available for all guests. One would be the water taxi which one could hop on from Clarke Quay, Boat Quay and Merlion Park, and the HiPPO River Cruise Water Taxi, from any kiosks. A 20 minute drive away from Singapore Changi International Airport, there is also an airport shuttle bus where foreign guests flying in could take to arrive at MBS. It is also only a couple of minutes’ drive away central areas such as Orchard Road. Therefore, it can be said that while there are modes of transport available for guests to take to arrive at MBS, they are certainly not easy to find. For example, although there are several bus services serving it, they are not extensive enough to reach out to most of Singapore. Most of them serve mainly the city area. Many guests would either have to drive there or take a taxi instead, unless they are staying at the MBS hotel. However, with services such as the airport shuttle bus and various other transport services provided by external organisations as such the Singapore Airlines Hop-On bus and international coaches. Thus, it is still relatively accessible. Marina Bay Sands’ MICE facilities, spanning over 120,000 square metres with over 5 levels of it, are able to accommodate up to 45,000 delegates, 2,000 exhibition booths, with over 250 meeting rooms and its ballroom is considered to be Southeast Asia’s largest. It can also hold up to 6,000 guests for banquet style seating, 7,000 people in stage style seating or even an astounding 11,000 people in theatre style seating. A VIP lounge is also available for use for VIP guests. Thus, with such a huge space for MICE events, organisers would not have a problem with event space. There is also a large kitchen of 2833 square metres which serves over 100 menus appealing to most tastes and preferences, thus guests would have no qualms about the food. Its facilities are also of reputable quality since it is operated by Las Vegas MICE business pioneer, Las Vegas Sands Corp. Awards won by MBS would include â€Å"Best of the Best Top 5: from Robb Report China in October 2010, â€Å"Asias Best MICE Hotel† and 2nd place for â€Å"Asias Best Convention and Exhibition Centre† from CEI Asia Industry Awards 2011. Therefore, with such assurance, organisers would be able to hold successful events in MBS. MBS had also confirmed more than 1100 events in its first year of operations. With a nearby hotel, guests can easily access the event location easily. Services such as valet parking are also available for all guests, and shopping can also be done at the Shoppes, which offers over 300 stores and food outlets. With dining choices ranging from quick eats to fine dining, guests would have no problems with their meal choices at MBS. The unique selling point of MBS would be its facilities and support services. With over 5 levels of MICE space, event organisers would be spoilt for choices when it comes to selecting the best event space for them due to the flexibility of space at MBS. Coupled with stunning architecture and its good location, MBS would certainly be attractive to event organisers. The numerous support services, such as the shopping amenities and food and beverage outlets, would allow guests to enjoy themselves while they are here for the event. Event organisers would not need to worry about providing entertainment for the guests if needed. With everything under one roof, ranging from accommodations to event spaces, event organisers would be attracted to MBS, and thus, this makes it MBS’ unique selling point. Some of the events held at MBS would include the following: Cruise Shipping Asia 2011; 20th World Orchid Conference; ITB Asia 2011; Art Stage Singapore 2011; Pavilion of Art amp; Design 2011 (PAD Singapore 2011); Chem Asia International Expo 2010;  Offshore Asia 2011. Suitable events to be held would include corporate events such as meetings, talks, seminars, exhibits. Resorts World Sentosa: Resorts World Sentosa (RWS) is located off the southern coast of Singapore, at 39 Artillery Avenue, Singapore 099958. In a strategic location, Changi International Airport is just a 25 minutes’ drive away from RWS. Foreign guests could hire a taxi from the airport and arrive at the resort in less than half an hour’s time. It is also located just 10 minutes away from the CBD, and a mere 15 minutes away from Orchard Road. Guests can easily travel to Sentosa through the tram service that is located at the top floor of Vivo City. Guests who had travelled to Singapore through cruises or ferries can also access the resort easily as the Singapore Cruise Centre is just located opposite of Sentosa, situated at the basement of Harbourfront shopping mall. Public transport is also readily available. Buses do go into the island, and guests can also take a stroll along the bridge. The Harbourfront MRT station is located below the Harbourfront shopping mall. Thus, it can be said the RWS is relative accessible. However, despite the modes of transport available, it can still be difficult to access RWS since it is still located off Singapore. RWS’s own convention centre, Resorts World Convention Centre, has a variety of facilities available for MICE events. The Compass Ballroom is the region’s largest column-less ballroom with over 6,000 square metres of column-less. It is able to hold more than 6,500 people in theatre-style seating and with retractable walls, the ballroom can be divided into 3 for more event space. There are 30 function rooms available amounting to over of 3,300 square metres. The Coliseum, located outdoors, gives guests a view of the gorgeous pool of Hard Rock Hotel and a space for unconfined events to be held at. Various support amenities such as business and media centres, luxurious VIP rooms, built-in audio visual facilities are available for the use for event organizers. When holding an event at RWS, all the organisers’ needs would be promptly met with such facilities available. The column-less ballroom would allow all guests, no matter where they are in the ballroom, a clear view of the event happenings. Moreover, with such unobstructed space, numerous exhibition booths can be set up without problems. There are 6 hotels of different themes which would be sufficient to meet foreign guests’ expectations for accommodations when they visit Singapore to attend an event. With over 60 food and beverage outlets ranging from casual to fine dining, and over 45 retail outlets including Coach and Victoria’s Secret, guests have no problems filling their time between events and when it comes to their meals. The unique selling point of RWS’s Convention Centre would be the column-less ballroom. There are not many places in Singapore which have such large event space that is column-less. Thus, it provides a strong selling point for RWS in order to attract event organisers. Moreover, although RWS is not a fully-fledged MICE events space, the facilities are certainly sufficient for most of the organisers’ needs to be met. There are many support services such as the various hotels available as accommodation and the Universal Studios Singapore theme park that would be able to attract event organisers due to the entertainment available for attendees. Some of the events held at RWS would include the following: Asian Attractions Expo 2011; 11th World Chinese Entrepreneurs Convention; Asia’s Ultimate Mixed Martial Arts Fighting Championship 2011; South Asian Diaspora Convention 2011 Opening Ceremony; Intellectual Property Office of Singapore 10th Anniversary Event.

American Psychological Association free essay sample

The American Psychological Association is the largest scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States. APA is the worlds largest association of psychologists, with more than 134,000 researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants and students as its members. Our mission is to advance the creation, communication and application of psychological knowledge to benefit society and improve peoples lives. Our Work APA seeks to advance the creation, communication and application of psychological nowledge to benefit society and improve peoples lives. We do this by: Encouraging the development and application of psychology in the broadest manner. Promoting research in psychology, the improvement of research methods and conditions and the application of research findings. Improving the qualifications and usefulness of psychologists by establishing high standards of ethics, conduct, education and achievement. Increasing and disseminating psychological knowledge through meetings, professional contacts, reports, papers, discussions and publications. Strategic Plan Our strategic plan goals are to maximize the associations organizational effectiveness, expand psychologys role in advancing health and increase recognition of psychology as a science. We will write a custom essay sample on American Psychological Association or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Governance and Senior Staff Volunteer governance members play a key role in the direction and completion of APAs advocacy, publishing, member service and more. These groups include APAs: Council of Representatives, which has the sole authority to approve policy and appropriate the associations revenue. Board of Directors, elected by the membership, and which acts as the administrative agent of the Council of Representatives. APA president, elected annually by the membership to serve as the face of the association. Committees, boards and task forces, which focus on particular issues in the field. APAs daily operations are overseen by its senior staff at APA headquarters in Washington, D. C. Definition of Psychology Psychology is a diverse discipline, grounded in science, but with nearly boundless applications in everyday life. Some psychologists do basic research, developing theories and testing them through carefully honed research methods involving observation, experimentation and analysis. Other psychologists apply the disciplines scientific knowledge to help people, organizations and communities function better. As psychological research yields new information, whether its developing improved interventions to treat depression or studying how humans interact with machines, these findings become part of the disciplines body of knowledge and are applied in work with patients and clients, in schools, in corporate settings, within the Judicial system, even in professional sports. Psychology is a doctoral-level profession. Psychologists study both normal and abnormal functioning and treat patients with ental and emotional problems. They also study and encourage behaviors that build wellness and emotional resilience. Today, as the link between mind and body is well- recognized, more and more psychologists are teaming witn other health-care providers to provide whole-person health care for patients. APA History The American Psychological Association was founded in 1892 with 31 members and grew quickly after World War II.

The New Wave of Populism essays

The New Wave of Populism essays Western democracies are experiencing a period of change because of a rising wave of right-wing populism. The populists already had success in Britain with Brexit and the United States with president Trump, and their success seems to be contagious in the rest of Europe. Political leaders Marine le Pen from Front National in France and Geert Wilders from the Party for Freedom in the Netherlands are the next right-wing populist candidates favored to win. Both of them are forces to be reckoned with in the coming elections. These populist want to rebuild state-egoism by laying emphasis on the national politics and stop mass-immigration. The established western elite, who have been the ruling power since the Second World War, are watching with fear to what this new period is going to bring. The sovereign rule of the people as a homogeneous body is the central idea in this thin-centered ideology or political doctrine (Abts, Koen and Stefan Rummens: â€Å"Populism versus Democracy†. University of Leuven, 2007 vol. 55) The word populism comes from the Latin word â€Å"populus†, which means the people. Populism comes in both right- and left-wing parties, but the current wave of populism is especially connected to the right-wing parties. The populist leader considers himself as the representative who knows the general will of the â€Å"ordinary forgotten people†. Their goal is to unite â€Å"the pure people† and to give the power back to them from â€Å"the corrupt elite†, who does not understand the middle-class (Mudde, Cas. Populist radical right parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge U Press, 2007. Print.) For the people in the nation who say the populist leader does not represent them, he has a clear response: they do not belong to the nation. Only those who agree with this â€Å"national will† do belong to the nation. They along with the elite form the â€Å"enemy† of the people and are the reason for the problems within in the nation. Crea...

It Is All About You Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

It Is All About You - Essay Example It is much not the same as the United States. My culture is extremely deeply immersed in custom. As a Muslim, I follow a much firmer pattern of guidelines than most of my youths, and, at times, it is a little annoying to see a transparent disrespect for the self that I see on university grounds. Because of my religious background, I am much firmer about what I eat and drink. The biggest influencing issue on who I am today is certainly the emphasis on family. Everything ranging from my preferred career route to my ambition for success is rooted in my devotion to my family. As formerly indicated, my parents have a very traditional, Islamic opinion concerning the universe. Things are pretty clear and direct; this implies that either it is in agreement with the Quran and should be performed unswervingly or it is against the willpower of Allah and should never be done. I have always obeyed my parents and I have never questioned their instructions to me lest they see it as disobedience. However, as I become older, I essentially begin to recognize much more carefully with what they have taught me. I have discovered that their strictness regarding my education has taken ahold of me and developed. I currently hold myself to as great a standard in my education as they do, if not greater. Nevertheless, there are some extents where we vary deeply, however. For instance, I know that some of the films I watch or music I listen to would not be received well by my parents. I consider this to do more with a generational gap than a difference in the culture from Saudi Arabia to the United States. I have never encountered any definite form of preconception from the elders in my family. In fact, the lack of any allusion to an issue is the largest, and perhaps even more profound, form of prejudice. Rather than oppose issue with someone I know they see different and not good, it is like emptiness in the discussion, a plain discrepancy of any

Family variables Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family variables - Essay Example The youth is important for it constitutes the highest world population. Therefore, if proper measures are not taken to control and monitor their activities, they would definitely transform into an uncontrollable force once they get into their adulthood thereby graduating into committing more serious crimes which would be a threat to the society (Bynum and William 1996). The family is the basic foundation over which a child is brought up. The parents act as the best teachers and administers of discipline in the house hold. It is therefore necessary for parents to ensure that their children grow up in a safe environment and also ensure that they teach lessons on moral issues. Parents also determine the behavior of their children by setting examples on the manner in which they solve their personal differences. In families that have parents who keep on quarrelling and fighting, the children are most likely to indulge in delinquent activities due to the bad example set by their parents as compared to those that have limited conflicts (Bynum and William 1996). This is because, violent parents have little time for their children and the level of communication is also poor. Parents who are disciplined do not show their disagreements in the presence of their children. As a result the children accord them respect and are more likely to prevent juvenile delin quency. The family’s social class is also a key variable that influences the possibility of child delinquency. Children who come from poor families are more affected than those from rich back grounds (Schmalleger 2007). This is due to the fact that they tend to be discriminated by the society which makes them feel misplaced and unwanted. Poverty makes the parents desperate and sometimes, they forget their role of offering guidance and instead concentrate on searching for basic necessities. In these cases, educating their children may become difficult

Future of private military companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Future of private military companies - Essay Example To start off, government security forces are given in-depth training before they are allowed to join the forces. However, the focus of private military companies seems to be more skewed towards imparting training only to the extent that their soldiers can go out in the fields and thrive there, but not to excel and take the enemy by storm the way national or governmental security forces are trained to do. In the recent history private military companies have been deployed across dangerous and war torn regions of the world, marking a wide shift from their early use as security agents to high net worth clients, politicians and diplomats amongst others. Looking through recent history, we get to know organizations like Black Water have been deployed across war torn Afghanistan by the Americans, and also in Pakistan in a bid to provide beefed up security to their local embassies in the country. However, their presence has not been widely appreciated as critics often believe private contractors like Black Water do not form a part of the â€Å"military† and therefore should not be entrusted with the same powers as them (Axelrod, 2014). Even thinking from an ethical perspective does not allow entrusting private military contractors with responsibilities as huge as looking after a country’s national defense function. What needs to be understood here and is of critical importance is the fact that these private companies mainly exist to mint money or make profit; something which serves as a motivation for them to work hard, but still would probably not motivate them enough to give their life if need be, to protect their country against an attack or infiltration from enemies. On the contrary, national/government security forces have been trained in a manner which instills a belief inside a soldier’s mind that there is nothing big in this world then sacrificing their life in a bid to save their nation from the

A Strong Corporate Brand Communications Essay

A Strong Corporate Brand Communications Essay 3. Explain how you might involve stakeholders in the development of a corporate brand, drawing on at least two instrumental approaches to stakeholder management and incorporatingunderstandings of authenticity in your answer. How would you evaluate the success of their involvement? â€Å"A strong corporate brand acts as a focal point for the attention, interest and activity stakeholders bring to a corporation† (Hatch and Schultz, 2001, P 1046). This essay will suggest that strategies to develop strong and sustainable relationships with stakeholders should at the heart of a brand development strategy that is focussed on enhancing reputation and ultimately the sustainability of a company. It will explain how analysis of stakeholder groups is critical to the success of this process. Two instrumental stakeholder tools will then be used to illustrate how such information may be gathered. The essay will then go on to explain that the information garnered from such an analysis could be used to inform stakeholder engagement strategies and the overall brand development strategy. The essay will conclude with a discussion about how issues with authenticity could jeopardise the development of these relationships and how, in the light of such problems, you can measur e the success and strength of such relationships in order to inform future efforts. Although this is not an essay exploring theories around the process of brand development, it is however important to begin by defining what is meant by a corporate brand if we are to understand how relationships with stakeholders can help in its development. My understanding of corporate branding is highly influenced by the work of Hatch and Schultz (2001) and (2003) and Schultz (2005) who describe a brand as a mindset that captures the essence of an organisations identity and what it stands for. They promote the idea that the focus of building a successful brand should be on developing relationships with all stakeholders, engaging them in defining who the organisation is and what it aspires to be( Hatch, 2005). Corporate branding can be best described as the process of creating, nurturing and sustaining mutually rewarding relationships between company, its employees and external stakeholders (Hatch and Schultz, 2001 and Schultz, 2005).By developing these relationships an organisatio n will be able to understand any incoherent parts of the brand that are weakening development efforts to achieve business goals (Hatch and Schultz, 2003). â€Å"When corporate branding works, it is because it expresses the values and /or sources of desire that attract key stakeholders to the organisation and encourage them to feel as sense of belonging to it. It is this attraction and sense of belonging that affects the decisions and behaviours on which a company is built. A strong corporate brand taps into attractive force and offers symbols that help stakeholders experience and express their value and thereby keep them active† (Hatch and Schultz , 2003, p.P1046). It not just theorists such as Hatch and Schultz (2001) that believe stakeholder relationship building activity is key is achieving a strong corporate identity. In the field of Corporate Communications Cornelissen (2004) stated that developing strong and sustainable stakeholder relationships can establish favourable corporate images and reputations will get these groups to behave in a way that furthers the organisations businesses objectives, such as getting customers to make a purchase or successfully convincing investors to grant financial resources. This essay draws on the research above as a foundation for arguing that the development of relationships with stakeholders should be at the very heart of any successful brand strategy. But how should one begin developing these relationships? The start of constructing any strategy involving the development of relationships with stakeholders should begin with an analysis of who they are, the nature of their stake and the values and beliefs underlying their own decision-making processes (Friedman and Miles, 2006). â€Å"In particular, the compatibility or incompatibility of values, identities, and belief systems between managers in focal organizations and stakeholder decisions-makers, and between different stakeholder groups† (Friedman and Miles, 2006, p.133). Starting from the point that the characteristics of stakeholders need be ascertained before any strategies for engagement pursued it is important to find the tools that allow us to do this. Cornelissen (2004) suggests two possible tools to help with this process: stakeholder mapping and reputation research. These not only uncover the identity of stakeholder groups and their relationships with the organisation but are able to display primary relationships and the patterns of interdependence between them (Cornelissen, 2004). Let us first look at stakeholder mapping. This is an area explored by instrumental stakeholder theory, which suggests how managers should act towards stakeholders if they want to further the interests of an organisation, which can be described as profit maximization and the maximisation of stockholder value( Friedman and Miles, 2006).This type of theorising supports the ideas espoused by Hatch and Schultz (2001), Hatch and Schultz (2003) and Hatch (2005) at the beginning of the essay and for this reason we will look in depth at how two specific instrumental stakeholder theories, developed by Mitchell Angle and Wood (1997) and Frooman (1999), can help organisations get to know more about their stakeholders and how to approach them. I would like to begin with the model developed by Mitchell Agle and Wood (1999) which suggests that different strategic responses to stakeholders can be chosen based on an analysis of the characteristics that these groups exhibit. The major contribution of this theory is its explanation of who stakeholders are and who they arent and why relationships with certain stakeholders should be prioritised over others (Friedman and Miles, 2006). Mitchell, Agle and Wood (1999) rate stakeholder groups using three criteria, power, legitimacy and urgency and the unique combination of these attributes then leads them to create seven different types of stakeholders, which vary in their level of importance to the organisation and therefore brand development strategy. Frooman (1999) supplements this work by looking at what might happen when there is conflict between a stakeholder group and an organisation and his models explains the strategies employed by stakeholders who want to change corporate policy (Friedman and Miles, 2006). Frooman (1999) suggests that during conflict power is the dominant attribute that will decide the outcome of any conflict, especially when an organisation is unwilling to compromise.   However, he does not define power in the same as Mitchell, Agle and Wood (1999). Instead of power through coercive, utilitarian or economic means (Mitchell, Agle and Wood, 1999), he believes power is defined by resource dependency theory (Frooman, 1999), as made famous by Pfeffer (1972) and Salancik (1979).   Pfeffer (1972) and Salancik (1979), cited in Friedman and Miles (2006), suggest that that it is a companies dependence of external stakeholders for resources that will determine stakeholders power and how they will use it to force their claims to be addressed. Using this as the basis of his thinking Frooman (1999) created a four way model of usage (continues to provide a resource but with strings) or withholding (where a stakeholder group withholds a resource) strategies, which can be executed directly or indirectly, when dependency of the stakeholder resources is low. Using both these two models you could start to create a picture of the identity of stakeholders, the nature of their stake, how to prioritise them and how they would behave when in conflict with the firm. But according to Cornelissen (2004) what is equally important to do at this analysis stage is to identify what reputation the organisation has with the groups you have identified. Although he doesnt present a theoretical model to achieve this he does suggest using practical quantitative and qualitative research techniques, such as focus groups. The result of this work will give the organisation a good idea of what stakeholders think of the organisation and how this matches with the organisations own views of its identity (Cornelissen, 2004). This would then suggest that an organisation uses the knowledge gained during the entire analysis phase to inform the development of focused stakeholder relationship programmes and the brand development strategy as a whole. Cornelissen (2004) suggests that the stakeholder analysis will help organisations understand whether current strategy is capable of dealing with the needs of current stakeholders and, if so, if the suggested direction proposed will deliver the desired results. From here the organisation can decide which stakeholders to address and develop engagement strategies that either change or consolidate their present position with them, according to any mismatches found. A similar process can be used in relation to the brand strategy. Hatch and Schultz (2001) explain that the images stakeholders have of who a company is and what it stands for can become part of what they can the strategic envisioning process. They suggest that the present views, behaviour, values and identi ties of stakeholders are likely to effect the direction of desired change and strategic vision of the organisation. Whether the results of the stakeholder analysis support the organisations current identity can have serious effects on any subsequent strategy as without such alignment efforts could be perceived as inauthentic Hatch and Schultz, 2003). At this point I would like to highlight how the issue of authenticity can affect an organisations assessment of its strategic options. ‘To be authentic commercially is to tap into the ‘geist of a particular group of people so that you, or the claims you make are accepted, trusted, and the consumers you appeal to are convinced (Fachet, 2009). Therefore, stakeholders ‘geist, which should have been identified during the stakeholder analysis, needs to be reflected in the core elements of a brand development strategy if stakeholders are going to engage with the organisation and carry out the desired behaviours needed by the organisation. Authenticity is the opposite to counterfeit and in an increasing unreal world consumers purchase based on how genuine they perceive an offering to be (Gilmore and Pine, 2007). Without this alignment between stakeholder expectations and the brand strategy, efforts are likely to be seen as inauthentic and therefore desired behaviours not o ccur. There is also a second but equally important aspect of authenticity that should be discussed at this stage within the planning process and that is whether the brand development strategy and the values promoted within it match the experience the stakeholder will have of the product, the service or the culture within the organisation. Edwards (2009) explains that authenticity is both communicated by an organisation as well as attributed by the consumers who digest this communication. Therefore, if the brand promise doesnt match reality then an organisation may be danger of being seen as inauthentic. Representation is likely to result in communications and products and the symbols that represent them that arent connected to their original context and by definition inauthentic (Goldman and Papson, 1998, cited in Edwards, 2009). To give an example, if a product or service is positioned as specialist when in reality it is not and the staff are presented as specialists when in fact their kn owledge is just around average then incompatibilities occur and the brand could be perceived as inauthentic. A perceived lack of authenticity is just one of the issues that could affect a brand and therefore it is important that all stakeholder relationships and brand development strategies are continually assessed to determine their impact. Cornelisson (2004) states that tracking and evaluation should be the final element of any strategy, showing how efforts have progressed the organisations goals. In light of what has been discussed in this essay the suggestion is that this should be done in two parts; a brand audit to find out what the brand actually stands for and an analysis of the extent and quality of stakeholder relationships. Keller (2008) developed a model for a brand audit which takes place in two parts; a brand inventory and the brand exploratory. The brand inventory is basically research into what a brand says it is and the exploratory finds out what stakeholders say it is. His model brings these elements together to show the difference between current brand experience and brand promise, if there is any. But equally important is an assessment of the quality of the relationships an organisation has with its key stakeholders. Many theorists have developed criteria by which to assess quality and extent of stakeholder relations, including Strong, Ringer and Taylor (2001), Zoller (1999) and Zadek and Raynard (2002).   However this essay would like to look at unusual approaches that arent covered by the theorists above; the principles developed by the Clarkson Center for Business Ethics (1999) and the Ladder of Stakeholder Engagement (Friedman and Miles, 2006). Firstly to the principles set out by the Clarkson Center for Business Ethics (1999). Researchers at this centre developed a list of seven principles of good stakeholder relations, beginning with recognising stakeholders and ending with acknowledging conflicts between their roles as corporate stakeholders and their legal and moral responsibilities to stakeholders. These principles are highly respected within literature on the subject and could therefore provide a useful guidance document for businesses (Friedman and Miles, 2006). It is for this reason that this essay suggests they would be a useful day to day tool to assess quality of engagement, offering guidance for how organisations can continue to improve practice. In contrast (Friedman and Miles, 2006) developed a 12 rung ladder of engagement that looks at the quality of stakeholder relationships from a stakeholder perspective. On the very bottom of the ladder is manipulation and at the very top is stakeholder control. â€Å"This can be used as a guide to match intention and what approach to use as well as moderating intention with the degree of influence that stakeholders have†. (Friedman and Miles, 2006). As demonstrated in this essay strong and sustainable relationships with stakeholders should be at the core of a brand development strategy. Their views and interests should be taken into account throughout every phase of the brand development strategy process; including the analysis, goal setting, and evaluation. Such consideration and engagement will help the brand to successfully enhance its reputation with these groups increasing the likehood of them carrying out the actions desired by the company. References Cornelissen, J. (2004) Corporate Communications: Theory and Practice. London. Sage Publications Ltd. Clarkson Center for Business Ethics (1999/2002) Principles of Stakeholder Management. Toronto: University of Toronto. Reproduced in 2002, Business Ethics Quarterly, 12/1: 256-64. Fachet, N (2009,) Authentic communications: Breaking the halo of distrust [Internet blog].Available from: http://text100.com/hypertext/2009/06/authentic-communications-breaking-the-halo-of-distrust/> [Accessed December 2009]. Friedman, A. and Miles, S. (2006) Stakeholders: Theory and Practice. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Frooman, J. (1999) Stakeholder influence strategies. Academy of Management Review, 24(2): pp.191-205. Gilmore, J.H. and Pine II, B. J. (2007) Authenticity: What consumers really want. Boston, MA. Harvard Business School Press. Cited in: Edwards L. (2009) Authenticity in Organisational Context: Fragmentation, Contradiction and Loss of Control.   In: Proceedings of the 59th Annual International Communications Association Conference, May 21-25, 2009, Chicago, USA , Ill, pp 1-15. Schultz, M. (2005) A cross disciplinary perspective of corporate branding. In: Schultz, M., Antorini, Y.M. and Csaba, F.F.   (2005) Corporate Branding: purposes, people, processes: towards the second wave of corporate branding. Denmark. Copenhagen Business School Press, pp. 23-57. Hatch, M. and Schultz, M. (2001) Are the strategic stars aligned for your corporate brand? Harvard Business Review, February, pp. 128-134. Hatch, M and Schultz, M (2003) Bringing the corporation into corporate branding. European Journal of Marketing, 37(7/8), pp.1041-1064 Keller, K.L. (2003) Strategic Brand Management-Building, Measuring and Managing Brand Equity. 2nd ed, New Jersey. Prentice Hall. Mitchell, R.K., Agle, B.R., and Wood, D.J. (1997) Towards a theory of Stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), pp. 853-86. Pfeffer, J. (1972). Interorganizational Influence and Managerial Attitudes. Academy of Management Journal, 15, pp. 775-790. Salancik, G.R. (1979). Interorganizational Dependence and Responsiveness to Affirmative Action; The Case of Women and Defense Contractors. Academy of Management Journal, 22/2, pp. 375-394. Strong, K.C., Ringer, R.C. and Taylor, S.A. (2001)THE* Rules of Stakeholder Satisfaction (*Timeliness, Honesty and Empathy). Journal of Business Ethics, 32/3. Pp. 219-230. Van Riel, C (1995), Principles of Corporate Communication. Hertfordshire. Prentice Hall. Zadek, S. and Raynard, P. (2002) Stakeholder Engagement: Measuring and Communicating the Quality. Accountability Quarterly, 19, pp.8-17. Zoller, K. (1999) Growing Credibility Through Dialogue: Experiences in Germany and the USA. In: Charter, M. and Polonsky, M.J. (eds.), Greener Marketing: A Global Perspective on Greening Marketing Practice. Sheffield. Greenleaf Publishing, pp.196-206.

Language Grows Out of Life:Abduction, Juxtaposition, and Culture :: Education Learning Essays

Language Grows Out of Life: Abduction, Juxtaposition, and Culture Language grows out of life, out of its needs and experiences . . . Good work in language presupposes and depends on real knowledge of things. I never taught language for the purpose of teaching it; but invariably used language as a medium for communication of thought: thus the learning of language was coincident with the acquisition of knowledge (Thomas, 48). For my students in the prison, and for many students in "regular" schools, English class seems removed from the "needs and experiences" of life. My students are confused by the isolated teaching of grammar rules that seem to have no impact on their "true" use of language on the streets, in their neighborhoods, or with their families. I am equally confused. Many schools insist that teachers "transmit" a pre-determined body of information to students as if they are receptacles. For my students, many of the works of literature in this body of information are "unrealistic," and they feel they are "fake" and unimportant to them. The schools also often ask instructors to ignore their students' cultures and social circumstances. This is an impossibility. Donald Thomas states this nicely when he writes: "We bequeath to words what we cannot ourselves decipher from the rush of daily being. Words are juxtaposed to the world just as we are" (2). Simply put, culture and language are interconnecte d. We strive to make sense of the world around us through language. There is no way to separate culture and language and no reason to do so. I become more aware of how experience affects language and expression each day. Several months ago, I was working with my students on the use of setting in literary works. I tore pictures of different settings from National Geographic magazines. My students had a huge range of pictures to choose from and their assignment was to write a story that would logically take place in the setting of their picture. We had been discussing literature genres and I was sure that the student who chose the picture of the mist-surrounded castle on the rocky island would create a magical fairy tale complete with a king, knights, and a fire-breathing dragon. I was wrong. I have read many fairy tales in my lifetime. If I had received the picture of the castle, I would have written a "typical" fairy tale. My home culture has nurtured this type of story and appreciation for it.

Nursing History Essay

This paper will discuss how Nursing’s History has helped to inform nursing’s future. It will discuss the turn of the twentieth century and the importance of this era on the nursing profession. (Brodie, 2010) The development of nursing education and Florence Nightingale’s contribution to modern day nursing (Hoyt, 2010). Possibilities for the future, which will enable further social standing and the prominence of nursing as a profession. (Fairman, 2012) The study of nursing history helps us to better understand the issues of autonomy, unity, supply and demand, salary, and current practice. Learning from the role models of history, make positive changes in the present and provide options for the future. Provides the ability to make improvements on past practices and creating a sense of best practice. (Brodie, 2010). Florence Nightingale is considered to be the founder of modern day nursing. She was influential in the development of nursing education, practice, and administration. (Hoyt, 2010) Nightingale’s work served to establish nearly all the advancements that would arise in the nursing profession in the coming decades. It was from her work, Notes on Nursing, set the tone for all theories that followed. Prior to 1840, no formal education was provided to people who cared for the ill. These skills and lessons commonly provided in the form of generational learning or trial and error. The care of the sick usually fell to women of a lower social standing or class who were unable to obtain any other work. Nightingale identified the need for formal training of nurses and workers in the public health arena. There has been substantial growth in the innovation of the nursing profession; there have been advanced nursing programs established due to the ‘increasing complexities of modern nursing’. The turn of the twentieth century saw the creation of professional nursing organisations that allowed our profession to be self-regulated, this included formal training and competency standards. (Brodie, 2010). Given that Nursing evolved into the self regulated profession it is, provides the opportunity to have a strong stance in the negotiations and  establishment of appropriate working conditions, working hours arrangements and collective agreements. These negotiations and agreements were made later in the 20th century and now stand as a benchmark for generations of nurses to follow. (D’Antonio, 2010) The history of nursing provides current day nursing teachers, leaders and professional’s insight into opportunities and possibilities in our profession, aiding us to be accountable for our actions and enables us to provide comment and feedback on potential improvements. (Fairman, 2012) It enables a review of procedures and policy and make recommendations for improvement. It confers the opportunity to be integral in policy implementation for the betterment of health care available to the public. ‘Virginia Nursing History’ is a website that was created in 2001; the site is overall a very useful and provides a nice perspective on leadership in nursing in Virginia from around 1900 to the near present. (Gibson, 2009) Gibson highlit the importance of websites such as this to show the progress and steps that have been made in the nursing profession. It highlights the extraordinary work that high performing nurses have accomplished and the prominent members of the nursing community. Gibson mentions that the work done by nurses tends to go unnoticed or unreported and tools such as this, using modern day technology (internet) to show the progression of our profession. Having knowledge of the history of nursing helps us to understand where nursing came from and how nursing evolved as a profession throughout time. It provides us with the opportunity to reflect on how things were and why we do things the way we do. It shows us that we have grown from being regarded as the lowest working class, ones who didn’t require training or education. Transformed to a profession highly regarded for its intensive training and requirements, which are providing us with the capability to grow, expand and continue to firm the foundation for future potential nurses. The generational change and progression have given us prominent stance in the public health arena. Thanks to the evolution of nursing and the timeline of growth we, as nurses, are respected and are in a position to continue to  grow and improve. Given the growth in our profession and interesting point to ponder is, where will nursing as a profession be in decades to come?

Minority Report Essay Example

Minority Report Essay Example Minority Report Paper Minority Report Paper Oedipus the King, a tragedy by Sophocles, was written in the 5th Century B. C. , continues to influence today’s culture. This play is about a man who saves a place, called Thebes, where they crown him as king for his actions. On a quest to find the previous king’s murderer, Oedipus falls to his doom by his fatal flaw. Overtime, society has created numerous artworks using themes from this play. A well-known movie is Minority Report, which uses several themes from Oedipus the King. This movie is about a man named John Anderton, who runs a program called Pre-crime. Pre-crime is a facility where three precognitive see a future homicide, and have a team of detectives prevents the homicide. In Minority Report, John Anderton eventually falls as well, due to his tragic flaw. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the similar themes of blindness, prophecy, and attempting to beat fate in these two works of art. In both artworks, blindness does not only refer to physical sight but comprehension as well. In Oedipus the King, the theme of blindness reoccurs several times. The first time we experience this theme is when the Tiresias, a blind prophet, comes to help Oedipus with his quest. Even though Tiresias was right, Oedipus was blind to the truth. Another instance that includes blindness is Oedipus being unable to comprehend the truth. Then a final example is when Oedipus accepts the truth and stabs his eyes out. While Minority Report, uses a lot of symbolism for blindness. The first time blindness is referenced is after the opening credits. It starts with a man talking about how blind he is, then the scene switches to his sun stabbing scissors into a an eye on a magazine, and then we see a close-up of an eye. The film also shows that Anderton is blind, because he is unable to comprehend several things he is told. Like the prophecy the drug sealer form the wrong side of town told him. John Anderton is even blinded by his self-righteousness. The theme of blindness is evident in both these works, because it gives hint that the protagonist does not see how murder affects their lives. A second major theme in both works is prophecy. In these works, the protagonist receives prophecies about their futures. Oedipus gets his first prophecy prior to the play. The oracle warns him that he will kill his father and marry his mother. While he is told the second prophecy at the beginning of the play. Here, Tiresias prophesizes that he will become blind, homeless, poor, shunned and weakened with self-loathing. Then in Minority Report, John Anderton receives two prophecies as well. The first one comes from the eyeless drug dealer, saying that the future is a place where the blind live under a one eyed king. Later in the film, Agatha sees a future where John will kill a man named Leo Crowe. Eventually, all four of these prophecies come rue as they were said. This theme is evident as well; this is because prophecy affects them. It makes them do whatever is necessary to make sure it does not happen, and proves their innocence. This is an important theme because it also further develops the plot. Another common theme between these works is trying to defeat fate. Throughout the film or play, the protagonist tries their best to avoid their fate. Prior Oedipus the King, Oedipus is given a horrible fate that makes him live in fear. Trying to escape his predestined fate, where he is to kill his father and marry his mother. He runs away from home in fear of being near his parents. However, no matter what Oedipus tries the prophecy comes true. This is because he let fear rule his life, and lacked of knowledge of his real kinship. Then by ignoring Tiresias and Jocasta, he continues to dig for the truth. This leads to the second prophecy real, making his a blind beggar. While in Minority Report, John runs as well when he sees a vision of himself killing Leo Crowe. Again trying to avoid fate fails, since Leo Crowe eventually dies. This film thus proves that fate cannot be defeated. Even when John Anderton decided to arrest the victim rather then kill him, in the end Mr. Crowe still dies. It also shows that fate might not always be clear. This is because the vision of Crowe’s death is with John killing him but in reality Crowe killed himself. Then the prophecy of a one eyed ruled comes true as well. By the end of the movie John has one eye, and also important information that can ruin Pre-crime. Here he is the one eyed ruler because he has information, which no one else has. This makes society blind to the truth, therefore he rules since he knows this information. Prophecies are an important theme because they can give the protagonist a focus and complicate the plot. In the end, Oedipus the King and Minority Report have similar themes. Among the ones listed above they are a few others including hubris. Though not everything is the same, using Classical Greek literature is useful. Greek literature as a reference for a contemporary film can help develop ideas and plot. Knowledge of Greek drama can also better the experience. With this knowledge, someone can better enjoy the film because could understand more of the plot and have background information for movies. However, to much knowledge can ruin a movie experience. If someone knows a lot of Greek drama one can recognize a movie plot, and figure out will happen before getting to enjoy the movie. So, like everything else, knowing Greek drama can better an experience and ruin it at the same time. For Aristotle, this film would meet the criteria of a perfect drama. Due to the futuristic setting, the tragic hero, and complex plot of Minority Report, the movie will certainly meet the criteria of Aristotle.

Joseph Stalin Research Paper Example

Joseph Stalin Research Paper Example Joseph Stalin Paper Joseph Stalin Paper His childhood was harsh with a drunken cobbler father, who beat both mother and child, and in school was bullied as a child, Joseph Stalin grew up to be a bully himself (Keller). These events in Stalins childhood dramatically influenced the later events as an adult. Joseph Stalin had caused social injustice in Russia through two wars, during the Great Purge, and in the Russian government. Joseph Stalin used social injustice during World War II and during the Cold War. During World War II, Stalin killed many different groups of people. According to Keller, Stalin was unpredictable in his killings. While wealthy peasants were targeted along with other class enemies, Stalin also destroyed imaginary enemies within his own parties. Later during the Cold War Stalin put up a blockade around the city of Berlin, this blockade is known as the Berlin Wall (Marin, 827). Stalin also caused social in Justice in the government as well. Stalin started his own secret police known as the NAVE (Normandy Commissariat Eventuating Del which in English means Peoples Commissariat for Internal affairs). This secret police had to meet certain quotas in arrests and in how many killings they did (Keller). The NAVE arrested anyone who opposed communism as well as all of Stalins enemies. In a desperation for his country to become more industrialized, Stalin wanted Russia to become an industrial superpower, so he moved families to the coldest regions of Siberia (Ingram, 64). The NAVE and Stalins selfishness caused many families to be killed, including children, as well as Stalins enemies. In addition to Injustice In government and wars, Stalin caused social Injustice during the Great Purge. Joseph Stalin killed anyone who was against the communist arty, which then later led to Stalin killing the older Bolsheviks (Cunningham, 121-22). After Stalin started doing this, he came up with another plan. He later sent people to Gulags (Soviet Prison camps In the northern reaches of Russia or In Siberia), and all of Stalins potential enemies were eliminated (Stalin). All of this happened because Stalin wanted Russia to become an Industrial superpower, which happened later In his dictatorship. Stalin later on became less destructive and caused less social Injustice. During his early reign, he caused a lot of social Injustice through different wars, In government, ND during the Great Purge. Injustice anywhere Is a threat to Justice everywhere. We are caught In an Inescapable network of mutuality, tied In a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all Indirectly (Martin Luther King Jar. ). Even though Stalin did not know It Stalin affected the world with social Injustice. Joseph Stalin By buyout himself (Keller). These events in Stalins childhood dramatically influenced the later In addition to injust ice in government and wars, Stalin caused social injustice Gulags (Soviet Prison camps in the northern reaches of Russia or in Siberia), and all Stalin wanted Russia to become an industrial superpower, which happened later in Stalin later on became less destructive and caused less social injustice. During his early reign, he caused a lot of social injustice through different wars, in government, and during the Great Purge. Injustice anywhere is a threat to Justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly (Martin Luther King Jar. ). Even though Stalin did not know it Stalin affected the world with social injustice.

Six Feet of the Country Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Six Feet of the Country - Essay Example apartheid system was implemented in South Africa which segregated the people into major racial groups - white; Bantu, or black Africans; Colored, or people of mixed descent; and Asians - and determined the living and employment standards of each group. Public facilities were segregated and nonwhites were not represented in the national government. The policy ended in 1990 when then-President F. W. de Klerk released the anti-apartheid activist and African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela from prison and legalized black African political organizations (â€Å"Apartheid†). Clearly, the story was set at a time when apartheid was at its peak as the narrator tells us about the â€Å"tensions the Johannesburg people speak of† not being the hubbub of the city but of the â€Å"guns under the white men’s pillows and the burglar bars on the white men’s windows..† and the awkward moments when â€Å"a black man won’t stand aside for a white man† (Gordimer 9). The couple chose to live in the farm to change something in them and find peace in their marriage. Although it is clear that they were not able to fulfill the latter goal, at least they were able to change. The histrionic Lerice became engrossed with running the farm and became attached to the servants. The narrator, who was a complainant brat who did not care about his servants as long as they did their work, sees the injustice of the system in the middle of the business of illegal immigrant’s body. Upon knowing of the death, the narrator notified the health authorities and the police to be able to know the cause of death. Apparently, the young man died of pneumonia and was disposed of by the authorities. However, Petrus insisted on burying his brother’s body and repeatedly begged the narrator, his baas or boss, thinking that because the baas is a white man, he can do anything. Petrus, together with the other servants, scraped up twenty pounds just to be able to get the dead body back which annoyed the

Journal assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Journal - Assignment Example One of the significant things I have learnt is the importance of nurses joining professional organizations. I have learnt that organizations play a major role in addressing issues of nurses as well as influencing of health policy. Moreover, such body’s helps in addressing issues related to the society in terms of health. I have also realized that an individual cannot be able to further nursing goals as compared to a group. Hence, joining such entity can help in shaping and achieve nursing goals. On the other hand, I have noted that advocacy by nurse and such bodies are crucial in addressing the needs of the patients. This plays a significant role in the provision of quality care. Moreover, I have realized that various ethical issues arise as nurse work in various environments. Some of the ethical issues are likely to put one in a dilemma. Some of these issues may affect the performance of the nurse. As a result, one has to learn of various initiatives that can help address such challenges. The other important thing I have learnt is the influence advocacy. I have realized that advocacy can play a significant role in the transformation of the nursing profession, society health and individual nurse. The advocacy may help in highlighting some of the challenges ailing the health sector as well as influencing politicians to come up with favorable health policies as they use lobbyist. Additionally, I have realized how understaffing affects the health care outcomes. This is because the staffs may be overworked that may lead to poor concentration. Moreover, such nurses may be stressed and hence be not able to communicate with the patient efficiently. I believe more effort is needed to advance on professional Knowledge development and Communication. I need to undertake various initiatives so that to assume active responsibility for continuing to master these skills. One of the initiatives is to ensure that I have up to date knowledge on emerging

Analysis essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Analysis - Essay Example This environment exposes him to the knowledge of the scientists living within it. For example, Victor gains his knowledge of natural philosophy, â€Å"I chanced to find a volume of the works of Cornelius Agrippa. I opened it with apathy; the theory which he attempts to demonstrate and the wonderful facts which he relates soon changed this feeling into enthusiasm† (36).   Victor becomes fascinated by natural philosophy as described by the author, and thus desires to experiment with what the author says. This eventually leads Victor to create The Monster, causing Victor to have a miserable life. Also, because Victor believes that the knowledge he has gained can enable him to create the living thing that can be able to lead life just as human beings. When Victor meets with two professors, Krempe and Waldman, he learns from these two professors. He realizes that the knowledge he has is not sufficient to carry out his experiments. Professor Krempe scolds Victor for what he has studied: ‘Have you,’ he said, ‘really spent your time in studying such nonsense?’ (43). From here, it can be noted that Professor Waldman supports him, â€Å"‘I should advise you to apply to every branch of natural philosophy, including mathematics’† (46). With Professor Waldman’s support, he is able to pursue his desire to understand natural philosophy and continues to study it. He does not give up with his passion of creating a kind of a human being; it thus leads him to the creation of The Monster. In as much as sciences environment it affects Victor’s knowledge, his Monster also is greatly changed based on his surroundings. The Monster created by Victor Frankenstein show readers how he is shaped by the conditions surrounding him. For instance, The Monster learns about the world and nature from what he faces after his birth, â€Å"I saw, felt, heard, and smelt at the same time; and it was, indeed, a long time before I learned to distinguish between the

Determining the position of unknown element X in the Reactivity Series Essay Example for Free

Determining the position of unknown element X in the Reactivity Series Essay To determine the position of Element X in the reactivity series Hypothesis The reactivity series is the arrangement of elements according to their reactivity. The most reactive element is placed at the top and the least reactive at the bottom. The elements at the top can displace elements below them from their compounds In the experiment, element X will either have elements more reactive or less reactive or both. Based on this, the position of the unknown element can be found out. Assuming that the element given is not potassium, then potassium will displace X from its compound; thus we can say that potassium is more reactive than X; and X is below potassium in the reactivity series. Assuming that copper is less reactive than X; X will displace copper from its compound. This means that X is higher than copper in the reactivity series than copper. In the experiment, the enthalpy (temperature) change will also show how reactive element X is. For example if X is right above Zinc in the reactivity series i.e. element X is aluminium, then the temperature difference between reacting Al with CuSO4 will be more than reacting Al with ZnSO4 or FeSO4. This is because as the distance (number of elements in between between) the elements increases there is more difference in the reactivity level of the selected elements. When ?H (?Heat) is +ve, the reaction taking place is exothermic and when ?H is -ve, the reaction will be endothermic. When the number of element between the elements reacting is more, then ?H of the reaction will also be more. For example if we take Zinc as element X, then Zinc is more reactive than Lead; but Zinc is even more reactive than Copper. This is because Copper is further below Lead in the reactivity series. Thus a reaction between Zinc and a Copper compound will be more reactive ( will have a higher ?H) than a reaction between Zinc and Lead. When ?E (?Energy) is +ve, the reaction taking place is endothermic and when ?E is -ve, the reaction will be exothermic. The reason behind the nature of ?H stated previously is the ?E (?Energy) of the reaction. Again; more the number of elements between the reactants (according to the Reactivity Series) the lower the value of ?E i.e. more exothermic the reaction is. This is due to the type of bonds present in various compounds. Taking the pervious example, a reaction between Zinc a Copper compound will give a lower ?E than a reaction between Zinc a Lead compound. Thus such reactions are more apparent. Variables Independent The Metal Compound used to react with Element X The metal compound used to react with Element X was varied as this variation of the metal will help us determine the position of element X. Dependent Whether a reaction takes place or not When different metal compounds are used, it is not necessary that a reaction takes place every time. The occurrence of a reaction depends on the metal present in the compound used. Energy Change (?E) ?E depends on the compound used. In different compounds there are different types of bonds present and also every bond has a different energy level. Enthalpy Change (?H) ?H depends on ?E. If ?E is -ve, then the reaction is exothermic; if ?E is +ve, then the reaction will be endothermic. Controlled Volume of the Metal Compound taken The volume of the metal compound taken must be kept constant as varying volumes can affect the final temperature. Size of Element X strip The size of the strip of Element X must also be kept constant as varying lengths can again affect the final temperature. Apparatus 1 Strip of Element X 7 Test tubes 5ml of CuSO4 5ml of FeSO4 5ml of MgSO4 5ml of PbNO3 5ml of KSO4 5ml of AgNO3 5ml of ZnSO4 Procedure 1. Take a strip of Element X and cut it into 7 equal pieces 2. Pour 5ml of CuSO4 into a test tube 3. Put a thermometer into one test CuSO4 and measure the temperature 4. Now put a piece of Element X into the test tube and measure ?H 5. Repeat Steps 3 4 for FeSO4; MgSO4; PbNO3; KSO4; AgNO3 ZnSO4 Diagrams Results Compound Reaction Initial Temperature (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) Final Temperature (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) ?H (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) KSO4 No 21 21 0à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ MgSO4 No 21 21 0à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ ZnSO4 No 22 22 0à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ FeSO4 No 21 21 0à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ PbNO3 Yes 21 22 2à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ CuSO4 Yes 22 25 3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ AgNO3 Yes 21 26 5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Graph Discussion The strip of element X given to us was shiny, this indicates that element X is not very reactive. Reactive metals such as aluminium usually form a metal oxide layer on top of them thus losing their luster. When Element X was put in sulphate of potassium (which is a clear solution), the solution remained clear, and the piece of Element X also remained shiny; thus indicating no reaction. Element X behaved similarly for sulphates of Magnesium, Zinc Iron. A piece of Element X into PbNO3, after a lot of time, the solution started to become cloudy (white precipitate), indicating a reaction. In this reaction the ?H was +1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C. In CuSO4, the piece of Element X was deposited with black precipitate all over. Also the solution becomes lighter blue as compared to the pure CuSO4(aq). It was a very slow process. In AgNO3, the solution turned cloudy (black) immediately after suspending the piece of Element X. If we observe the table below carefully, we notice that Element X did not react with K, Mg, Zn and Fe. But it reacted with Pb, Cu Ag. This means that element X is Sn; because the reactivity series goes as follows: K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb, Cu, Ag, Au. Compound Chemical Equation Energy Equation ?E KSO4(aq) MgSO4(aq) ZnSO4(aq) FeSO4(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) CuSO4(aq) AgNO3(aq) As I stated in my hypothesis, that the further apart the elements are (in the Reactivity Series) the lower the ?E is. This means that the reactions are more apparent (vigorous) and also more heat is produced in such reactions. Conclusion From this experiment, I conclude that the Element X given to me is below Iron and above Lead in the reactivity series i.e. the element is Tin. I also conclude that the further apart the elements are (in the Reactivity Series) the higher the ?H and lower the ?E. I also conclude that such reactions are more reactive (apparent) as compared to those between element with a lower number of elements between them. Evaluation In this experiment, if the mass of element X would have been measured and then used for reactions the reactions would have been more accurate and reliable.

Natural Family Planning :: essays research papers fc

The Natural Failure of Planning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Are modern forms of contraception naturally and morally wrong? Pope Paul VI and his Humanae Vitae declare that technological methods of birth control are immoral and should not be practiced by Catholics. However, as our modern society illustrates everyday, this opinion is inappropriate for not only the faithful of the Roman Catholic Church, but also for non-Catholics. According to Munich Archbishop Cardinal Julius Doepfner, â€Å"Contraception is not intrinsically evil† (The Politics of Sex and Religion). There is a fine line the Catholic church draws between â€Å"natural† methods of family planning and the â€Å"immoral† methods of modern technology. After close review of Catholic doctrines, it is clear that this line does not exist. The intentions behind the actions are what matters. Therefore the encyclical of Paul VI , while maintaining good intentions, cannot give Catholics and non-Catholics alike complete guidance in complete humanness when it comes to contraception.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The major problem for the married believers in the Catholic faith is that Human Vitae neglects their ability to make moral decisions. Paul VI claims that contraception limits a person’s human totality and integrity. However, the reality is that the Church is limiting this principle of human existence by assuming the common man is incapable of making the correct moral choice. For example Paul VI states , â€Å"†¦how wide and easy a road would thus be opened up towards conjugal infidelity and the general lowering of morality.† (Human Vitae 8). It is absurd to believe that all moral problems in our society can be attributed to the introduction of birth control methods. Man, in his complete integrity and totality, is capable of judging moral from immoral regardless of the technological devices he is surrounded by. If all parts of a human are in harmony, means of contraception cannot invade this person’s complete humanness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scientific research shows that almost all practicing Catholics today believe that modern means of contraception does not interfere with their beliefs and morals. According to one study, â€Å"Even among married Catholic women who attend church every week, less than 4% use church-approved family planning methods-about the same as the total population.† (Catholics for Contraception). This illustrates the fact that people of faith have made their own interpretations of God’s desires and find no difference between natural family planning and modern methods of contraception. Weekly patrons of the church know the moral teachings of the Church and the consequences, yet the facts show that all believers have not come to a consensus.

Essay --

Good morning/afternoon everybody. Today, I am here to discuss the overall wealth of America, in hopes to better justify our economy. It is to my understanding that as of this moment, the United States and its economy stands fairly well, increasing total tax revenue by 13%, from $2,482.241 (two trillion four hundred eighty two billion) in 2012, to $2,806.386 in 2013. In addition, we were able to decrease our budget deficit by an additional 27%, with a final deficit standing at $811.851. Although our standings are settled at a decent position, there are ways we could execute even greater; and that is through the improvement of health and human services, the return of our nation’s military from the Middle East, education, alternative energy, and the regulation of taxes. One of the major focuses of our proposal is the improvement of health and human services. Prior to my election, there has been concern about this department due to the recent government shutdown. From October 1 through October 16, the United States entered this shutdown, and reduced most routine operations after Congress failed to enact funds for the fiscal year 2014. The principal factor to this shutdown was The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, otherwise known as Obamacare. What this law required was for all Americans to have health insurance—regardless if they truly need it or not—so the total costs towards Medicare and Medicaid spending would decrease. However, it is not worth disrupting government funding to undercut healthcare costs. Congress has one key duty in the Constitution, and that is to pass spending bills that fund the government. With no compromise, our government may experience another one of these disastrous events. To fix this predicament.. . ...ity that continues to be a problem is the amount of alcohol and cigarette users here in the states. The adverse health affects from alcohol consumption accounts for an estimate of 75,000 deaths, while cigarette smoking accounts for an estimate of 443,000 deaths each year in the United States. To promote a healthier lifestyle, in addition to internalizing the externality, we will be placing a $0.10 tax on alcohol and a $0.50 tax on cigarettes, in hopes to reduce demand and utilization. However, if alcohol and cigarette users continue to be unresponsive to the change in price, consumers would still continue to purchase these products, and it would eventually benefit the government in terms of raising money with minimum waste, for it would raise revenue with minimal distortion. In other words, as a result of this tax raise, we will be increasing revenue $5.323 billion.

As Said by Mark Twain

Eiffel Tower, built in 1889 and named after its designer and engineer Gustave Eiffel is one of the most famous architectural structure in the world. ————————————————- Eiffel Tower is observation & radio broadcasting tower, it is 324 meters tall, and tallest building in Paris, also second tallest in the whole of France. It was also tallest man-made structure of the world from 1889 to 1930. Stonehenge, United Kingdom Stonehenge is an amazing structure built of standing stones in a circular form.It is one of the most ancient structures of the world, believed to built before 2000 B. C. Stonehenge has been destroyed several times, and the present day structure is believed to be remains of the structure built in 1600 B. C. ————————————————- Stonehenge is owned by Th e Crown and is also a  UNESCO  World Heritage Site. It is managed by English Heritage and National Trust. Saint Basil's Cathedral, Russia Saint Basil's Cathedral is a Russian Orthodox Church built in 16th century in Moscow. It is operated as State Historical Museum and is a property of Russian Federation.The design of the building forms a shape like that of flame of bonfire rising to the sky. ————————————————- Saint Basil's Cathedral is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italy Leaning Tower of Pisa is a unique structure, leaned at one side. It is campanile in the Italian city of Pisa. ————————————————- The Tower is 56. 70 high, 4. 09m wide and leaned at 3. 99 degrees. The construction of the tower started in 1173 and was completed in 1372. T he tower has eight stories, including chamber of bells.It was not planned originally as a something like this, but during the construction it started leaning, and today although it weighs more than 14,000 metric tons, miraculously and proudly stands as one of the most beautiful structures of the world. Statue of Liberty, United States of America The  Statue of Liberty  is a sculpture of Libertas, Roman Goddess of Freedom, situated in United States of America. The statue designed by Frederic Bartholdi, was a gift from People of France to USA. The statue was inscribed on July 4, 1776, on the date of American Declaration of Independence.There is a broken chain at the feet of the statue, representing icon of freedom of United States. ————————————————- The statue is 93 meters high and has more than 3 million visitors annually. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Christ The Redeemer, Brazil Christ The Redeemer, located in Brazil, is one of the Seven Wonders of the World, it is also the fifth largest statue of Jesus Christ, and largest Art Deco statue in the World. ————————————————- Built between 1921 and 1931, The statue is 39. 6m. tall, 30m wide, and weighs over 600 tonnes.